NIGER DELTA REGION AND THE CRISIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEGRADATION

Abu S. Edet

Abstract


This paper tries to highlight the impact of resurgence of the Niger Delta militancy on the socio-economic development of the area, the paper tries to identifying the various roles government has played in the resolution of the crisis. The paper use questionnaire method in data collection and Chi-square instrument as validity instrument for testing of hypothesis. The hypothesis tested were non provision of economic and social amenities has not caused crisis in the Niger Delta and neglect for too long by the government and oil companies has not been responsible for the Niger Delta crisis. The research discovered that the crisis is as a result of long neglect of the region and insufficient attention of the government in the development of the region. The paper therefore, provided solutions to the crisis which are community participation in marketing, and exploring of their natural resources, provision of social amenities etc.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Achebe, C. (1991): The Trouble with Niger Delta Enugu Dimension.

Ake C. (1983). Political Economy of Africa.

Bade Omimode (1993): Imperialism and under Development in Nigeria Macmillan Press Ltd.

Bull B. (2006): The Native Problem in Africa New York Macmillan.

Chibuzor Ugwoho (1999): Managing Director of (NDDC). Corporate Digest Magazine June 5, 2002.

Coleman J. (1985): Nigeria Background to Nationalism Benin City Illupeju Press Ltd.

Douglas Oronto (1999): ‘The Issue is Survival’.

Dr. Felix Toudolor (2010): Assistant to the Managing Director Youth Matters, Concept Publishers Ltd Lagos.

Godwin Orubee (2010): Minister of Niger Delta Ministry.

NDDC Report June (2015).

News watch, January 26, (2009)

Internet Download, Http://www.BBC.com

Internet Download, Http://www.crisisgroup.com

Tony Annenih (2010): Post Amnesty Programme. Vanguard Newspaper, Saturday July 26, 2009.

Ademola, F. S. (nd) (2008), “Theories of Social Conflict in Shedrack Gaya Best (eds)’’. Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa, Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan.

Ake, C (1985), ‘’The State in Contemporary Africa’’ in Claude Ake (eds), Political Economy of Nigeria, Longman, London.

Anele, K. A. (1999), ‘’Social Change and Social Problems in Nigeria’’, Springfield Publishers, Owerri, Nigeria.

Anikpo, M (1998), ‘’Communal Conflict in the East Niger Delta; A Cultural Matrix’’, in Pan African Social Science, Review, No. 3.

Bassey, C. O. (2002), ‘’Framework for the Conflict Transformation Project in Warri in J. A. Imobighe, et al, Conflict and Instability in the Niger Delta; The Warri Case, Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Clark, H. et al (1999), Oil for Nothing; Multinational Corporations, Environment Destruction, Death and Impunity in the Niger Delta; A United States Non-Governmental Delegation Trip Report, 6-12 September.

Dotun, O. O. P. (2005), ‘’Conflict and Context of Conflict Resolution”, Obafemi Awolowo University Press, Ile-Ife Nigeria Ekekwe, Eme(1986) Class and State in Nigeria, Macmillian, Nigeria.

Henry. N.(2004), ‘’Public Administration and Public Affairs” (8th Edition), Prentice, Hall of India, New Delhi.

Ibadan S. Ibada (2005), ‘’Understanding the Niger Delta Crisis”. Amethyst and Colleagues Publisher, Port Harcourt.

Ibadan S. Ibada (2007), ‘’Understanding Oil Company Community Conflicts‘’ Peace and Conflict Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring 2007.

Ikein, Augustin. A. (1990), ‘’The Impact of Oil in a Developing Country”; The Case of Nigeria, Evans Brothers Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Joab Peterside, S. (2005), ‘’On the Militarization of Nigeria’s Niger Delta;” The Genesisn of Ethnic Militia in Rivers State; in African Conflict Profile, Vol. 1, No. 2, October.

Nanem, B. B. B. (1995), ‘’Oil Producing Minorities and the Restructuring of Nigerian Federalism”; The Case of the Ogoni People; in Journals of Common Wealth and Comparative Politics Vol. 3.3 No1, March.

Nma, J. (1998), ‘’The Niger Delta State Legislation and Disempower”, Spring Publishers, Owerri, Nigeria.

Obikeza, Obiajulu S. A (2006), ‘’Issues in Community Development”, Published by Books Point Ltd, Onitsha, Nigeria.

Okoro, Kime and N. J Nna (1997), ‘’Federation and Resource Allocation: The Nigerian Experience’’ in Nigerian Journal of Oil and Politics, Vol. 1, September.

Okowa, W. J. (2007), ‘’Niger Delta in the Economy and Politics of Nigeria,” A Paper Presented at the First Convocation Lecture, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State.

Onouha. B. C. (1999), ‘’The Third Nations and Development: The Role of Sambo Personality, Education Books and Investments Limited, Port Harcourt.

Orobator, Ekele, et al (2005), ‘’Federal State and Resource Control in Nigeria”, F. Parker Publishing Company, Edo State, Nigeria.

Peel M. (2005), ‘’Crisis in the Niger Delta; How Failures of Transparency and Accountability are Destroying the Region”, Chathon House, Royal Institute of International Affairs.

Amaize E. And Perez B (2016), ‘’Avengers; The New Face of Niger Delta Militancy’’, Vanguard, 8 May 2016.

Bala and Gbogbo E. (2016), ‘’Nigeria Oil Union Says Shell, Chevron Workers Evacuated’’, Bloomberg, 9 May 2016.

Brown, M.M (2003), ‘’Opening Remarks of the Nyong and E. Oladip (eds) Creating an Enabling Environment of Sustainable Development of the Niger Delta Region’’. Proceeding of the International Conference held in Port Harcourt, 10-11 December.

Chokor, B. A. (2000), ‘’Humanistic Approach to Environmental Assessment with case Study from the Niger Delta in A. G. Onokerhoraye 8. G. E. D. Omuta (eds) Perspective on Development. Centre for Population & Environmental Development, Benin City.

Development Policy Centre (DPC) (2001), ‘’Socio-Economic Mapping of the Niger Delta’’. A report prepared for Shell Petroleum Development Company, Ibadan.

Dokpesi, A. O. Iiezugbe. M. I. Obara, O. A (2003), ‘’Fundamental Values; Philosophy & Ethics of Social Work’’. Mindex, Benin City.

Fagade, O. E, (1990), ‘’Bacteria Biodegradation of Crude Oil from the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria’’. A Ph.D Thesis Development of Botany & Microbiology, University of Ibadan.

Human Rights Watch Interview, November 13, 2015.

Nyong E. E. & Oladipe E. (2003) (eds); ‘’ Creating an Enabling Environment of Sustainable Development of the Niger Delta Region’’. Proceeding of the International Conference held in Port Harcourt, 10-11 December.

Okere R. (2015), ‘’Untapped Gas Reserves and Declining Crude Oil Fortunes’’, The Guardian 28, July 2015.

Okere R, Salau S, and Okafor C, (2016), ‘’Militants Blow up Chevron Oil Facility, Vow More Attacks’’, The Guardian 6, May 2016.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2006), ‘’Niger Delta Human Development Report’’ UNDP, Abuja.

Wuraola, A. J. (2001), ‘’Women in Agriculture; Problems and Prospects in Nigerian’’, Journal of Gender and Development Vol. 1 No. 182 January Edition.

Zerihoun (2016),’’Open Debate of the Security Council on Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea in the Gulf of Guinea, Assistant Secretary General, United Nations Department of Political Affairs, 25 April 2016.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

 

ISSN (Print): 2276-8645

 

 

   

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.