PARTNERSHIPS AND COMMUNITY MECHANISMS IN NEW ZEALAND: LESSONS AND STRATEGIES FOR DELIBERATIVE GOVERNANCE.
Abstract
Studies of change in social policy have been challenged by a lack of faith in both legislative and bureaucratic-rational accounts of policy development. This is also not in favour of stakeholder and actor-network explanations that are often less participatory, accountable and transparent. This paper draws on recent work of Professor Pat Shannon and Peter Walker of University of Otago, New Zealand in their deliberative governance research. Thus, this paper explores options for both the theory and practice of sustainable, permanent and participatory policy change in an age of diversity. We suggest that the practice of Community Development is needed to supplement descriptive and academic accounts of policy change and so create a usable theory and practice of change. Drawing from a series of case studies of policy change from national to regional and local levels, involving both conventional and action-oriented research of over 30 years, a tentative practice theory and strategies for change are proposed. This involves developing an interactive framework that can confront levels of power to encourage diversity and participation in decision-making from bottom-up initiatives. It makes some practice suggestions for developing effective mechanisms for local input
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